RETHINKING THE
RULES OF WEIGHT LOSS
EXPERIENCE LIFE STAFF · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2015
Forget what you’ve been told. Forget what you think you know.
Forget the old rules — and you might just start making some headway.
Feeling
confused by all the weight-loss advice out there? No wonder. Diet trends,
infomercials for exercise gadgets, ads for pills, and even the latest medical
breakthroughs all promise to help you shed unwanted pounds — and they often
contradict each other.
With
so much weight-loss “wisdom” to wade through, many people simply throw up their
hands and decide they might as well just eat whatever’s in front of them.
No
surprise, then, that we just keep getting fatter: Today, nearly 69 percent of
American adults are either overweight or obese, according to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. And the heavier our nation becomes, the greater
our collective risk for many deadly diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
stroke, and breast, colon, and prostate cancers — to name just a few.
That’s
the bad news.
The
good news is that we’re not powerless. We needn't let our confusion concerning
nutrition and fitness prevails over our common sense and our desire to live
healthy, happy lives.
We
do, however, need to rethink what we think we know about
dropping pounds and keeping them off.
For
starters, we can forget about finding instant fixes and miracle cures for what
are essentially pathological lifestyle habits. “We must stop falling for the
myths that keep us fat and perpetuate an endless cycle of weight loss and
gain,” says Mark Hyman, MD, best-selling author of The
Blood Sugar Solution and other books, and medical director of the
Center for Functional Medicine at Cleveland Clinic.
We all might like the idea
of a magic bullet, yet most experts agree with Hyman that healthy, sustainable
weight loss doesn’t come from extreme measures or single-faceted diets. Nor
does it come from relying on low-fat or low-carb foods and “diet” drinks —
which, in fact, have been shown to hinder weight-loss efforts by messing up
metabolism, contributing to cravings, and undermining energy levels.
If you really want to lose weight and keep it off — or if you just want to maintain your current weight and stay healthy for the long haul — start by putting aside fixations with your clothes size and appearance.
Instead, focus on the space between your ears: Weight-loss misconceptions not only pose an immediate danger to your success, they can also undermine your metabolism for the long haul.
To help you sort through the tangle of mixed messages to discover what’s wise, what’s helpful, and what’s not, we've identified some of the most common weight-loss myths, and gathered up the best, most up-to-date advice for moving beyond them.
Simply
putting your focus on eating fewer calories than you burn is a losing strategy,
because this oversimplified numerical approach treats all calories as equal —
which they are not, says David Ludwig, MD, PhD, a Harvard Medical School
professor and internationally respected obesity researcher. It’s not so much the
quantity of calories we eat that drives weight gain and loss, he
asserts, but rather the nature and quality of those calories.
Why?
Because our bodies require a consistent balance of healthy macro-nutrients
(protein, fat, and carbohydrates), as well as micronutrients (vitamins,
minerals, antioxidants,
phytochemicals), plus adequate phytonutrients, enzymes, fiber, water, and so on
in order to function optimally.
When
we are missing these elements, our energy levels drop, our hormones and
neurotransmitters get imbalanced, and our metabolism stops working efficiently.
Our vitality suffers, and our bodies don’t regulate much of anything (including
our weight and body composition) as they are designed to.
The health of our
metabolism — the machinery that dictates how we burn fat and produce muscle —
requires whole, “real” foods and the complex, synergistic blend of nutrients
they contain in order to function properly.
This is why replacing whole foods with “diet” fare (or foods selected exclusively on the basis of their low-calorie, low-carb, high-protein, or low-fat characteristics) generally works against long-term weight loss.
A diverse, whole-foods diet will also naturally offer a relatively low glycemic load (GL) and a high phytonutrient index (PI).
A low-GL meal slows the rate at which carbs turn to sugar in the bloodstream. And this slow burn allows your body to digest sugars, says Hyman, “without triggering the metabolic signals that promote hunger and weight gain.”
Phytonutrients, meanwhile, are powerful healing agents and metabolic regulators necessary to the body. (For more on phytonutrients, see “Full-Spectrum Eating”.) To make the most of the calories you ingest, emphasize foods with a low GL and high PI, including vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts, seeds, olive oil, whole-kernel grains, teas, herbs, and spices. Say no to diet plans that emphasize caloric quantity over nutrient quality.
While calorie-restricted diets can and do trigger temporary weight loss, they also tend to have some unfortunate long-term consequences. Among the most maddening: They can put the body into a hunger-creating “fat-conservation” mode.
When you take in fewer calories than are necessary to fuel your resting metabolic rate (the base amount of caloric energy your body requires at rest), your body simply compensates by reducing your metabolic rate.
Goodbye, caloric burn. Hello, weight rebound.
“Your body thinks it’s starving to death,” explains Hyman. As a result, it not only cuts back on the energy you need to be active and alert, it also “sets off chemical processes inside you that trigger cravings and compel you to eat more.”
The net result is a lack of appetite regulation, a reduction in physical activity, and an increase in fat storage.
You
can get a rough estimate of your resting metabolic rate, says
Hyman, by multiplying your weight in pounds by 10: If you weigh 150 pounds, for
example, your resting metabolic rate would be approximately 1,500 calories per
day.
“If
you eat less than that amount, your body will instantly perceive danger and
turn on the alarm system that protects you from starvation and slows your
metabolism,” says Hyman.
The
deprivation diet — characterized by “just-until-I-lose-this-weight” thinking —
is another enemy of weight loss. It causes us to alternate between extremes of
“on diet” and “off diet” behavior.
“Eventually
you’re going to stop consuming less, and when you stop, you will gain back more
fat than you lost,” says Jonathan Bailor, author of the New York Times bestseller
The Calorie Myth. “Because when you go back to eating your previous
diet, you will be putting that high-calorie, low-quality food into a destroyed
metabolic system.”
Overall,
these experts agree, dieting sets us up to have an unhealthy relationship with
food that can turn weight management into a miserable, lifelong struggle.
A
better approach is to decide to eat healthy for life. Enjoy delicious, whole,
high-quality foods in ways that nurture your body for the long haul.
Diet
“doctorates” have been pointing out the evils of fat for so long that many of
us can’t indulge in anything beyond low-fat yogurt without guilt. But avoiding
fat is a huge mistake, says journalist Nina Teicholz, author of The Big
Fat Surprise. In fact, taking in an adequate supply of healthy fats is essential to proper body composition, whole-body
health, and long-term weight management.
The
key is understanding the differences between bad fats (notably the trans fats
and unstable or rancid fats often found in processed foods) and good fats
(namely those found in fresh, whole foods like nuts, seeds, fish, and wild or
pasture-fed meats).
Biochemist
and nutritionist Mary Enig, PhD, and nutrition researcher Sally Fallon, authors
of Eat Fat, Lose Fat, specifically advise eating small to moderate
amounts of saturated fat, the kind found in real butter, cream, grassfed meats,
and virgin coconut oil.
Your
body needs not only omega-3 fats, they say, but also some plant-based omega-6s
and a certain amount of the much-maligned saturated fat in order to nourish
your brain, heart, nerves, hormones, and cell structures.
Fail
to get these fats, assert Enig and Fallon, and both your health and weight-loss
efforts will suffer for it: “Your energy drops, your nerves don’t fire
efficiently, glands malfunction, and your hormones and metabolism head south,”
they explain. “With cells weakened from lack of necessary nutrition, weight
loss is an uphill battle.”
Eating
a moderate amount of the good fats found in whole foods not only helps our
bodies stay healthy and vibrant, it also delivers the benefit of controlling
blood-sugar levels and appetite, both of which have a direct impact on
successful weight loss and maintenance.
Most
nutrition experts suggest getting between 20 and 35 percent of your daily
calories from fat, and many now advocate for more. Be vigilant about including
fat in the form of nutritious whole foods (think avocados, nuts, fish), healthy
oils (cold-pressed olive, seed, nut), and some appetite-satisfying
saturated-fat indulgences (real butter and cream, grassfed meats, coconut).
Yes,
exercise burns calories, and burning calories can help you lose weight. But
exercising for improved fitness has many weight-loss benefits that go beyond
per-session caloric burn. Understanding this can make a huge difference in how
you approach your workout routine.
Being
fit gives you a distinct metabolic advantage at a cellular level. Fit people
have a greater number of mitochondria — the energy factories within our cells.
Mitochondria handle the aerobic oxidation of fatty acids (fat burning!) that
occurs even when we’re at rest. Thus, increasing the number of mitochondria
through exercise helps raise our metabolism so we burn more calories — not only
with every workout session, but also when we’re not exercising at all.
Performed
at the proper intensities and intervals, both strength and cardio training can
help build lean muscle mass, increase mitochondrial function, and, in turn,
increase metabolic rate.
Fitness-focused
exercise also improves your strength and endurance, which makes activities of
all kinds easier, and thus encourages you to be more active overall. And, since
regular exercise also improves your energy level, confidence, emotional
outlook, and self-esteem, it can help you get through weight-loss plateaus,
when you’re not seeing the inches melt off as quickly as you’d like.
Weight
loss starts with the brain, not the belly,” says psychotherapist Doris Wild
Helmering, MSW, coauthor of Think Thin, Be Thin. For many people,
achieving a healthy weight is possible only once certain mental and emotional issues
have been addressed. Why? Because many of us overeat or avoid exercise for
reasons we don’t entirely understand — or that we feel powerless to control.
Maybe
we make poor choices when we’re stressed out, sad, ashamed, or angry.
Maybe we make unconscious choices when we’re tired, distracted, or numbed out.
Whatever the reason, says Helmering, the excess weight we carry on the outside
is sometimes the symptom of an unresolved problem on the inside.
In
such cases, the first step is to turn inward and ask some questions. “‘What am
I really hungry for?’ Perhaps you need a hug or a word of encouragement from a
friend instead of that piece of leftover chocolate pie in the refrigerator,”
she says. Perhaps you need to bust out of a stressful job, destructive
relationship, or self-abusive attitude to make your health and well-being a
priority.
Ultimately,
for your weight-loss efforts to be successful and sustainable, both your body
and your mind have to be on board.
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